Magnetotherapy
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Introduction the Magnetotherapy - a method based on influence on organizm of the person by magnetic fields with treatment-and-prophylactic tseljami. Za all history of the existence a magnetotherapy knew many liftings and spadov. Last years interest to it increases again, that it is possible to explain tselym a number of the reasons. Vokrug the Earth there is a magnetic field which can be divided conditionally on two chasti. The basic part is caused by processes in a terrestrial kernel where owing to nepreryvnyh and regular movings of electrospending substance it is created sistema electric currents. Other part is connected with earth crust. Rocks zemnoj barks, being magnetised by the main electric field (we weed kernels), create sobstvennoe a magnetic field which is summarised with a kernel magnetic field. Postojannoe the geomagnetic field connected with a kernel of the Earth and its bark, varies in vremeni. These changes are not so considerable on size and have a cycle to one goda. Nabljudajutsja changes in a magnetic field of the Earth in connection with rotation of the Earth around Solntsa and movement of the Moon round the Earth, that solnechnosutochnye and lunnosutochnye kolebanija. Spokojnoe the Sun constantly throws out the streams of the loaded particles named «a solar wind» which, meeting on the way the geomagnetic field, flows round ego and gives it the oval form. Very often a consequence of increase solar aktivnosti are magnetic storms during which time are observed powerful polar sijanija, strong geomagnetic and ionosfernye storms, increase in density of a stream rentgentovskogo radiations, and also a micropulsation various superlow-frequency elektromagnitnyh waves, etc. V a magnetic field of the Earth magnitosfernye storms are usually shown geomagnetic burej which is found out, as a rule, simultaneously on all surface Zemli and some days proceed. However there are days when it is revolted not vsja magnitosfera, and its separate sites. Hotja in an organism it is not found special retseptornyh the zones perceiving elektromagnitnye fluctuations, but there are authentic data on influence natural magnitnyh fields on the higher centres nervous and gumoralnoj regulation, on biocurrents mozga and hearts, on permeability of biological membranes, on properties water and kolloidnyh organism systems. The establishment of a close connection of distribution and obostrenija many diseases (cardiovascular, mental and others) with izmeneniem intensity and other characteristics of a magnetic field of the Earth opens novye possibilities in their preventive maintenance and therapy. V last decades the sphere of application of magnetic materials and ustanovok in a national economy has extended, in communication, with what contingents of people, podvergajushchihsja to action of artificial magnetic fields have increased. To this subject too it is given vnimanie by working out of problems magnitobiologii and magnetotherapies. Nemalovazhnuju a role the development of the medical industry which have allowed sozdat simple and the reliable device for influence by magnetic fields with razlichnymi in physical parametres has played. Bolshoe value for development magnitobiologii and magnetotherapies has progress in sovremennoj to the diagnostic technics thanks to which presence at magnitnyh fields of the expressed biological activity is proved, medical and profilakticheskogo actions. Interesna a magnetotherapy also that till now there is some neopredelyonnost our knowledge and interaction of magnetic fields with organnymi and kletochnymi structures, and also how there is a transformation physical energii a magnetic field in organism reaction - complete vysokoorganizovannoj sistemy. Biophysical and biochemical bases of a magnetotherapy Allocate following mechanisms of primary action of constants and peremennyh magnetic fields on biological obekty. Pod with influence of magnetic fields at macromolecules (enzymes, nucleinic acids, proteiny etc.) There is an occurrence of charges and their change magnetic vospriimchivosti. In communication, with what magnetic energy of macromolecules can exceed energiju thermal movement, and therefore magnetic fields even in therapeutic dozah call orientatsionnye and concentration changes biologically active makromolekul, that is reflected on kinetike biochemical reactions and speed biofizicheskih processes. V the mechanism of primary action of magnetic fields the great value is given orientatsionnoj to reorganisation of the liquid crystals making a basis cellular membrany and many endocellular structures. Occurring orientation and deformation zhidko - crystal structures (a membrane, mitohondrii, etc.) Under influence magnitnogo fields affect the tightness playing the important role in regulation biohimicheskih of processes and performance by them of biological functions. Vozdejstvie magnetic fields on elementary currents in atoms and molecules out of - and vnutrikletochnoj waters, leads to its changes kvazikristallicheskoj structures. Voznikajut changes of properties of water: superficial pressure, vjazkosti, elektroprovodnosti, dielectric permeability, etc., owing to opredelyonnoj spatial orientation of elementary currents in its atoms and molekulah. It promotes performance of the specific functions to molecules belkov, to nucleinic acids, polisaharidam and to other macromolecules, forming s water uniform system, transport and which metabolism depends from connected with vodoj statuses. Odnim from important reguljatornyh mechanisms in live systems activity ionov is. It is defined, first of all, by their hydration and communication with makromolekulami. At action of magnetic fields differing on magnetic and elektricheskim to properties system components (the ion-water, fiber-ion, fiber-ion-water) budut to make the oscillatory movements which parametres can not coincide. Posledstviem this process there will be a clearing of a part of ions from communication with makromolekulami and reduction of their hydration, and, hence, increase ionic aktivnosti. Increase under the influence of a magnetic field of ionic activity in fabrics, javljaetsja the precondition to stimulation of a cellular metabolism. Pri influence magnetic fields focus on vessels not only biologically aktivnye macromolecules, but also nadmolekuljarnye and cellular structures. primerom such orientation forming of chains eritrotsitov under dejstviem magnetic fields is bright. With reduction of diameter of a vessel weakening magnitodinamicheskogo effect is marked. Among macroscopical effects of magnetic fields upominaetsja them ponderomotornoe action on nervous trunks and muscular fibres, projavleniem that is change of their electrophysical activity and funktsionalnyh properties. Osobo follows, to note specific action variable and pulse magnitnogo fields. In him except diamagnetic and paramagnetic interaction proishodit interaction with variable electric field which arises pri any change of a magnetic field. As in fabrics there are free zarjady, ions or elektrony the induced electric field will call them dvizhenie, that is an electric current which possesses diverse biologicheskim action. Ishodja from the mechanisms of action set forth above, it is possible to tell, that constant magnitnoe the field influences organism fabrics through dia - and paramagnetic effects, and peremennoe and pulse, besides, through the electric currents generated by it. Pri action realisations on live systems will be involved submolecular, molekuljarnye and nadmolekuljarnye structures that attracts behind itself changes on kletochnom, system and organizmennom level. Mechanisms of physiological and therapeutic action magnetic field Action on an organ ism is characterised:
Bodies and organism systems on a miscellaneous react to magnetic field action. Izbiratelnost organism response depends from electric and magnetic svojstv fabrics, their distinction in microcirculation, intensity of a metabolism and sostojanija nejrogumoralnoj circulation. On degree of sensitivity various sistem an organism to a magnetic field the first place occupies nervous, then endokrinnaja systems, sense organs, cardiovascular, blood, muscular, pishchevaritelnaja, secretory, respiratory and bone sistemy. Dejstvie a magnetic field on nervous system is characterised by command change organizma, its conditioned-reflex activity, physiological and biologicheskih processes. It arises at the expense of stimulation of processes of braking, chto explains occurrence of sedative effect and favorable action magnitnogo fields on a dream, and an emotional pressure. The most expressed reaction so parties TSNS is observed in gipotalamuse, further follow a brain bark, gippokamp, retikuljarnaja a formation of an average brain. It to some extent objasnjaet the difficult mechanism of reaction of an organism on influence by a magnetic field and zavisimost from an initial functional status, first of all nervous sistemy, and then other bodies. So the parties gipotalamusa, under the influence of a magnetic field, synchronisation raboty sekretornyh cages, strengthening of synthesis and deducing nejrosekreta from it jader is marked. Simultaneously there is a strengthening of functional activity of all shares gipofiza. However at long and powerful (more than 70 mtl) influences oppression nejrosekretornoj functions and development / rproduktivno-dystrophic processes in cages TSNS can vozniknut. Under the influence of a magnetic field s an induction of small intensity the tone of cerebral vessels decreases, improves krovosnabzhenie a brain, there is an activation nitrogenous and uglevodno-phosphoric obmena, that raises stability of a brain to gipoksii. At influence magnetic polem on cervical sympathetic sites and paretichnye finitenesses at the patients who have transferred mozgovoj a stroke, improvement of a cerebral blood-groove (data reoentsefalografii) and normalisation of the raised arterial pressure, that dokazyvaet a reflex way of action of a magnetic field is noticed. The expressed improvement mozgovoj haemodynamics is noted at magnetic field application on suboktsipitalnuju area at patients with insufficiency of blood circulation in vertebrobaziljarnoj to system. Influence of a variable magnetic field on vorotnikovuju area also led to improvement of haemodynamics and decrease both sistolicheskogo, and diastolicheskogo pressure to normal figures. Such obrazom, by means of a variable magnetic field correction broken mozgovoj haemodynamics is possible at various pathological statuses. Perifericheskaja the nervous system reacts to action of a magnetic field by fall chuvstvitelnosti peripheral receptors that causes anaesthetising effekt, and improvement of function of conductivity which well influences on vosstanovlenie functions of the injured peripheral nervous terminations for the bill uluchshenija growth aksonov, mielinizatsii and development braking in them connecting tkani. Vozbuzhdenie gipotalamo-gipofizarnoj systems calls activation chain reaction perifericheskih endokrinnyh glands - targets under the influence of rilizing-factors, sintez which it is stimulated in gipotalamo-gipofizarnoj to system, and then and mnogochislennyh the branched out metabolic reactions. In endokrinnoj to system at vozdejstvii PeMP development of reaction of training and raised aktivnosti all departments endokrinnoj systems occurs an induction to 30 mtl and frequency to 50 Hz with small ekspozitsiej, till 20 minutes. From a thyroid gland otmechaetsja stimulation of its function under the influence of a magnetic field unlike ugnetajushchego effect of many other things razdrazhitelej, that gives preconditions to ispolzovaniju magnetic fields in complex therapy at its hypofunction. Simpatiko-adrenalovaja the system only poorly becomes more active on the first procedures, and k to 7-9 day braking peripheral b - adrenoretseptorov, which igraet the important role in formation antistressornogo effect is formed. The induction increase (above 120 mtl) and frequencies of a magnetic field (above 100 Hz), and also change vremeni its actions is accompanied by occurrence of haemodynamic frustration, and vsled behind it and dystrophic changes in cages of a hypophysis, adrenal glands and drugih bodies that decrease in intensity power protsessov, glikoliz testifies to development of stressful reactions which vlekut behind itself shifts in a metabolism, infringement of permeability of cellular membranes, hypoxia. At influence of a variable and running pulse magnetic field by one induktsii and frequencies at various localisations (a head, heart area, predpleche) arises the same reaction from cardiovascular system, chto gives the basis to assume the reflex nature of action of this field on it. Marked pressure decrease in system of deep and hypodermic veins, arteries. Odnovremenno the tone of walls of vessels raises, there are changes uprugo-elasticheskih properties and bioelectric resistance of walls blood sosudov. Haemodynamics changes, namely gipotenzivnyj the effect, is connected with razvitiem bradikardirujushchego effect, and also for the decrease bill sokratitelnoj funktsii a myocardium. This property has found application at treatment hypertensive bolezni, and also is used for loading decrease on heart. Magnitnoe the field affects development of changes in mikrotsirkuljatornom rusle various fabrics. In the beginning of influence of a magnetic field occurs kratkovremennoe (5-15 minutes) delay of a capillary blood-groove, which then smenjaetsja a microcirculation intensification. During time and on the course termination magnitoterapii there is an acceleration of a capillary blood-groove, improvement sokratitelnoj abilities of a vascular wall, and their increase krovenapolnenija. Uvelichivaetsja a gleam of functioning components mikrotsirkuljatornogo channels, voznikajut the conditions promoting disclosing of preexisting capillaries, anastomozov and shunts. Pod increase vascular and epitelialnoj pronitsaemosti occurs influence of magnetic fields, a direct consequence of that is acceleration rassasyvanija hypostases and vvedyonnyh medicinal substances. Thanks to the given effect the magnetotherapy has found shirokoe application at traumas, wounds and their consequences. Pri influence of a constant, variable and running pulse magnetic field otmechaetsja strengthening of metabolic processes in area regenerata bones (at perelome), in earlier terms appear fibro - and osteoblasty in a zone regeneratsii, process of education of bone substance occurs more intensively and in bolee early terms. Pri influence of magnetic fields arises gipokoaguljatsionnyj effect for the bill aktivatsii protivosvyortyvajushchej systems, reduction intravascular p ristenochnogo tromboobrazovanija and decrease in viscosity of blood by means of influence magnitnyh fields of small intensity on fermentativnye processes, electric and magnitnye properties of elements of the blood which is taking part in haemocoagulation. Vozdejstvie a magnetic field renders mean lnoe influence on a metabolism in organizme. At action on separate systems of an organism in blood whey uvelichivaetsja the quantity of the general fiber, globulinov also raises their concentration in tkanjah for the bill a - and y - globulinovyh fractions. Thus there is a change struktury fibers. At short-term daily general influences on an organism magnitnyh fields the maintenance pirovinogradnoj and dairy acids not only v blood, but also in a liver and muscles decreases. Thus there is a maintenance increase glikogena in a liver. Pod decrease in the maintenance of ions Na pri simultaneous increase of concentration of ions To occurs magnetic field action in fabrics, that is the certificate izmenenija permeability of cellular membranes. Decrease in maintenance Fe in mozge, heart, blood, a liver, muscles, a spleen and its increase in a bone fabric is marked. Eto redistribution Fe is connected with change of a status of bodies krovetvorenija. Pri it maintenance Cu in a heart muscle, a spleen, semennikah, that aktiviziruet adaptatsionno-kompensatornye organism processes raises. Maintenance Co ponizhaetsja in all bodies also occurs its redistribution between blood, otdelnymi bodies and fabrics. Under the influence of a magnetic field biological aktivnost Mg increases. It leads to reduction of development pathological protsessov in a liver, heart, muscles. Otmecheno, that magnetic fields of a small induction stimulate processes fabric dyhanija, changing a parity free and fosforilirujushchego oxidations in dyhatelnoj chains. The exchange of nucleinic acids and synthesis of fibers, that vlijaet on plastic processes amplifies. Influence on proliferatsiju and regeneration opredeljaetsja increase perekisnogo oxidations lipidov. Harakternym display of action of a magnetic field on an organism activation protsessov a metabolism of carbohydrates and lipidov is considered. Reduction of cholesterol of blood testifies to the last uvelichenie neesterifitsirovannyh fat acids both fosfolipidov in blood and vnutrennih bodies. Takim in the image, influences by magnetic fields of a short exposition, obladajut though and not so expressed, as other physical factors, but mnogoobraznym action on an organism that promotes development individual obratimyh the favorable phenomena. The most proved and having the greatest znachenie for clinic is sedative, gipotenzivnoe, anti-inflammatory, protivootyochnoe, soothing and trofikoregeneratornoe action. At defined uslovijah, and in particular at influence on large vessels, the magnetotherapy okazyvaet dezagregatsionnyj and gipokoaguljatsionnyj effects, improves mikrotsirkuljatsiju and regionarnoe blood circulation, favorably influences on immunoreaktivnye and nejrovegetativnye protsessy. Vozdejstvie a magnetic field, as a rule, does not call education endogennogo tepla, rises in temperature and irritations of a skin. It is noticed good perenosimost at the weakened patients, the sick advanced age, suffering soputstvujushchimi by diseases of cardiovascular system that allows primenjat the device in many cases when influence by some other fizicheskimi factors nepokazano. Nesmotrja on the salutary action on an organism, magnetic fields from 70 mtl and vyshe become stressornymi agents and adversely affect on dejatelnosti various functional systems. Occurs diskoordinatsija dejatelnosti endokrinnyh bodies, intensity power protsessov decreases, amplifies glikoliz, permeability of cellular membranes, razvivaetsja gipoksija and dystrophic processes is broken. Proceeding from it are necessary strozhajshee observance of safety precautions and the control over a dosage faktora. Indications to medical application of magnetic fields 1. Diseases of cardiovascular system: hypertensive illness I-II degrees; IBS with a stable stenocardia of pressure I-II FK; rheumatism; / a rvegeto-vascular dystonia; postinfarktnyj kardioskleroz *, 2. Diseases and traumas of the central and peripheral nervous system: traumas pozvonochnika, a spinal cord; infringement of spinal blood circulation; prehodjashchie infringements of brain blood circulation *; ischemic brain strokes *; osteohondroz a backbone; nevrity, polinejropatii a various origin; a neuralgia; Neurosises, neurasthenia; ganglionity, kauzalgii, phantom pains; paralyses, parezy. 3. Diseases of peripheral vessels: obliterating atherosclerosis I-II-III stadii; obliterating endarteriit I-II-III stages; trombangit; syndrome Rejno; hronicheskaja venous and limfo-venous insufficiency; a thrombophlebitis poverhnostnyh and deep veins* in podostryj the period; posttromboflebichesky a syndrome; diabeticheskie angiopatii, polinejropatii; a status after aorto-femoral shuntirovanija. 4. Diseases and damages of the oporno-impellent device: deforming osteoartroz (I-III stages in an aggravation and remission phase); infectious-toxic artrity, polyarthritises of a various aetiology; bursity, epikondility, periartrity; zamedlennye consolidations of crises, including at metallosinteze, presence gipsovoj a bandage or device Ilizarova; bruises, stretchings sumochno-copular apparata, dislocations. 5. Diseases of the bronho-pulmonary device: Sharp pneumonia of a long current; hronichesky a bronchitis; a bronchial asthma (except hormonedependent); a tuberculosis (the inactive form). 6. Diseases of a gastroenteric path: a stomach ulcer of a stomach and 12 perstnoj guts in an aggravation and remission phase; a chronic gastritis, gastroduodenit; podostryj and a chronic pancreatitis; a chronic hepatitis and zatjazhnoe a current of a sharp hepatitis; a dyskinesia zhelchevyvodjashchih ways; chronic holetsistit; chronic not ulcer kolit; a status after a stomach resection on povodu ulcers for the purpose of preventive maintenance postrezektsionnyh complications. 7. The LOR-PATHOLOGY: vazomotornyj a rhinitis; chronic a rhinitis, rinosinusit; an antritis, frontit; a chronic pharyngitis; a chronic otitis; a laryngitis, a tracheitis. 8. Ophthalmology - podostrye and chronic inflammatory diseases various sred an eye: konjunktivit, keratit, irit, iridotsiklit, uveit; an atrophy visual nerva; the initial form of a glaucoma. 9. Stomatology: paradontoz; gingivit; ulcer defeats of a mucous membrane rotovoj cavities; a sharp arthritis visochno-nizhnecheljustnogo a joint; crises bottom cheljusti; postoperative wounds and traumas. Mozhno to appoint at presence in an oral cavity of metal crowns, mostovidnyh protezov and tyres. 10. podostrye and chronic diseases of urinogenital system: a cystitis; uretrit; pielonefrit; adneksit, metrit, salpingooforit; a prostatitis; epididemit, orhit, vezikulit; an impotence; barreness; a climacteric syndrome; good-quality novoobrazovanie (a myoma, fibromioma) taking into account age, a hormonal background, dinamiki process. 11. Allergic and skin diseases: vazomotornyj a rhinitis; a bronchial asthma; psoriaz; a neurodermatitis. 12. Trophic ulcers: vjalogranulirujushchie wounds; burns, obmorozhenija, prolezhni; predoperatsionnaja preparation and postoperative rehabilitation; adhesive illness; povyshenie immune statusa. * Diseases at which the magnetotherapy is appointed with the account individualnyh features of the patient, dynamics of disease, data clinical i functional inspection. Contra-indications 1. Absolute: krovotochivost and bent to it; system diseases of blood; ostryj a thrombosis, retsidivirujushchie, trombembolicheskie complications; heart aneurysms, aorty and large vessels; cardiovascular insufficiency above II stage; stabilnaja stenocardia Ш-IV a functional class; heavy infringements warm ritma (vibrating aritmija, paroksizmalnaja tahiaritmija, frequent ekstrasistoly and dr.) ; A sharp heart attack of a myocardium; presence kardiostimuljatora; diseases TSNS with rezkim excitation; mental frustration; klaustrofobija (fear closed prostranstva at the general influences); infringements of brain blood circulati on - ostryj the period; malignant new growths or suspicion on their development; aktivnyj tubercular process; the general grave condition of an organism (pulmonary, serdechnaja, smeshanna I the form of these kinds of insufficiency II-III of degree); infektsionnye diseases in a sharp stage; feverish statuses; sharp obostrenie chronic inflammatory process; a gangrene; an organism exhaustion; tireotoksikoz; individual intolerance; to children till 1,5 years do not spend lokalnoe influence, till 18 years - the general influence. 2. Relative: a hypotonia (it is possible to spend magnitoterapevticheskoe influence pri stable the HELL and good shipping of procedure by the patient). V to applied medicine are widely used biotropnye and power properties razlichnyh artificial sources of a magnetic field. Them apply for profilaktiki and treatments of many diseases, and also with a view of rehabilitation. Minzdravom various devices without a current consumption and elektromagnitnye devices are resolved. The first group includes firm and elastic magnets, vo the second - the devices generating constants, variable, pulse and others vidy low-frequency electromagnetic polja. Osnovyvajas on long-term experience of manufacturing of portable medical equipment i having saved up sufficient experience on application of physiotherapeutic methods, Elatomsky the instrument factory has mastered release of portable medical devices, prednaznachennyh for rendering of therapeutic influence by magnetic fields at razlichnyh pathologies. 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